High blood pressure 1 degree, 2 degrees, 3 degrees, 4 degrees

As long as a person's heart is still beating, he is still alive. The heart "pump" ensures blood circulation in the blood vessels. Speaking of which, there is blood pressure. The abbreviation is AD. Any deviation from normal blood pressure levels is fatal.He specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases and allergies, and has methods such as external respiratory function research, allergen allergy detection, autohemotherapy, and specific and non-specific immunotherapy.

risk of high blood pressure

The risk of developing high blood pressure, or arterial hypertension (high blood pressure), consists of many factors. Therefore, the more, the more likely a person is to develop high blood pressure.Risk factors for developing high blood pressure:

• Genetic predisposition. People with high blood pressure in first-degree relatives (father, mother, grandmother, grandfather, siblings) are at higher risk. The more close relatives with high blood pressure, the greater the risk;
• Aged over 35 years old;
• Stress (stress-induced hypertension) and mental stress. The stress hormone adrenaline increases your heart rate. It immediately constricts blood vessels;
• taking certain medications, such as oral contraceptives and various dietary supplements (iatrogenic hypertension);
• Bad habits: smoking or drinking. Components of tobacco can cause vasospasm - the involuntary contraction of blood vessel walls. This narrows blood flow;
• Atherosclerosis – plaque clogging blood vessels. Total blood cholesterol should not exceed 6. 5 mmol/L;
• Kidney failure (renal hypertension);
• Endocrine disorders of the adrenal gland, thyroid, or pituitary gland;
• Too much salt in food. Table salt can cause arterial spasms and become lodged in the body;
• Inactive. Lack of physical activity causes a slow metabolism and gradually weakens the entire body;
• Being overweight. Each additional kilogram increases blood pressure by 2 millimeters of mercury - mmHg;
• Sudden changes in weather;
• Chronic sleep deprivation and other "aggressors".

Most risk factors for developing hypertension are closely related. Therefore, in most cases, heavy smokers develop atherosclerotic plaques, while physically passive and malnourished people quickly gain weight. The combination of these factors significantly increases the risk of cardiac pathological abnormalities.There are four types of arterial hypertension risk, depending on the combination and degree of manifestation of the above factors, and the likelihood of developing cardiovascular complications over the next ten years:

• low (risk less than 15%);
• average (15% to 20%);
• High (more than 20%);
• Very high (more than 30%).

Risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension are also divided into two types according to their likelihood of elimination: correctable (correctable) and non-correctable. For example, a person can quit smoking very well, but he cannot change his ancestry. The size of risk is a combination of multiple indicators. A patient with stage 1 hypertension who begins to drink alcohol will significantly increase the chance of developing complications. High blood pressure can be treated. Much depends on timely diagnosis of the disease, patient persistence and willingness to radically change their lifestyle.

High blood pressure 1 degree

Arterial hypertension can be primary, that is, develop independently, or secondary - become a complication of another disease. In the latter case, treatment is comprehensive, since not only the stress needs to be normalized, but also the accompanying causes of the disease need to be cured.A blood pressure reading of 120 per 80 mmHg is considered normal. As they say, this is the "ideal" value for astronauts. 120 is what's called high blood pressure, or systolic blood pressure (when the heart muscle wall contracts at its maximum). 80 is the lower index or so-called diastolic blood pressure (at maximum relaxation). Accordingly, hypertension is classified into systolic, diastolic, and mixed (systolic-diastolic) types based on whether the upper or lower limit indicator exceeds a threshold.When the blood flow lumen narrows, the heart spends more energy pushing blood into the vessels, wears them out faster, and begins to work intermittently. Increased heart rate can negatively affect the functioning of the entire body. The air and nutrients contained in the blood do not have time to enter the cells.Like any disease, high blood pressure can worsen if left untreated. The first symptoms of high blood pressure are preceded by a prehypertensive state—prehypertension.Severity depends on the stage of disease development:

• "soft" or light;
• medium or marginal;
• Very severe or isolated contractions.

Otherwise, stage 1 arterial hypertension is called a mild form of the disease. The upper limit of blood pressure readings is 140 to 159 mm Hg and the lower limit is 90 to 99 mm Hg. Disturbances in heart function occur intermittently. Attacks usually have no consequences. This is a preclinical form of hypertension. Periods of exacerbation alternate with complete disappearance of disease symptoms. During remission, the patient was normotensive.Diagnosing high blood pressure is simple: measure your blood pressure with a tonometer. To obtain an accurate diagnosis, the procedure is performed three times a day in a calm environment and in a relaxed state.Even people who are at low risk for high blood pressure need to have their blood pressure checked regularly. One potential risk factor is enough to monitor your heart's work more closely. For those with severe heart disease, it is recommended to purchase an at-home ECG monitor (a device used to perform ECG (electrocardiogram) tests). Any disease is easier to treat in its early stages.

Symptoms of stage 1 hypertension

Symptoms of stage one hypertension include:

• Headache worsens with exercise;
• Pain or tingling on the left side of the chest, radiating to the shoulder blade and arm;
• Black spots appeared in front of my eyes.

We must not forget that in mild hypertension all these symptoms occur occasionally. If your pulse speeds up after strenuous exercise or you have trouble falling asleep because of noisy neighbors, you don't need to panic and think you have high blood pressure.During the improvement period, the patient feels well. Mild hypertension has all the characteristic symptoms of heart failure. The more severe degree of the disease differs only in the duration of symptoms and the occurrence of complications.

Complications of grade one hypertension

Complications include:

• nephrosclerosis - hardening of the kidneys;
• Hypertrophy of the heart muscle (left ventricle).

Most people believe that mild arterial hypertension can be treated without any consequences. But the risk of grade 1 complications is average, about 15%. High pressure within the blood vessels due to narrowing of the lumen results in insufficient blood supply to the tissues. Lack of oxygen and nutrients can lead to the death of individual cells and entire organs. Necrosis begins as localized, focal lesions. Over time, if left untreated, ischemic stroke is inevitable.Circulatory disorders will inevitably lead to metabolic disorders. This has adverse effects on respiration and nutrition of any type of cell. Pathological changes are inevitable, such as sclerosis - replacement by connective tissue. With nephrosclerosis, the walls of the kidneys become pathologically denser and the organ "shrinks". In this regard, the excretory function is destroyed and urea enters the blood.If blood vessels narrow, the heart works harder to push blood through them. This results in pathological enlargement of the myocardium. This type of hypertrophy is called true hypertrophy or working hypertrophy. The volume and mass of the left ventricle increase due to thickening of its walls. This pathology is also called cardiomyopathy. The heart adapts its structure to the needs of the body. The extra muscle tissue allows it to squeeze harder. It seems, how could this be dangerous? A "swollen" heart can compress nearby blood vessels, and uneven muscle growth can close the outlet of the left ventricle. Heart enlargement can sometimes lead to sudden death.Complications of grade 1 hypertension are rare. To avoid them, it is enough to minimize the risk of arterial hypertension, that is: to eliminate the premises and causes of its occurrence.

Treatment of stage 1 hypertension

First, the doctor will advise the patient to make lifestyle changes. It is recommended that patients get enough sleep, avoid stress, perform targeted relaxation exercises, special diet, exercise, etc. If these measures are not enough, medication is used.The cardiologist prescribed the following medications: sedatives and other antihypertensive drugs.Medications are carefully selected individually because many patients with hypertension have comorbidities. The choice of medication is influenced by the age of the patient and the medication being used. If it can be stopped and eradicated in its early stages, then prevention in the future cannot be ignored. Its principle is simple - avoid all risk factors for high blood pressure. A healthy lifestyle can even prevent the development of genetic diseases.

High blood pressure 2 degrees

This is moderate hypertension. The upper limit of blood pressure is 160-179 mmHg, and the lower limit of blood pressure is 100-109 mmHg. During this stage of the disease, stress increases for a longer period of time. Blood pressure rarely returns to normal.Benign and malignant arterial hypertension can be distinguished based on how quickly the hypertension changes from one stage to another. In the second case, the disease progresses so rapidly that it is often fatal. High blood pressure is dangerous because an increase in the velocity of blood flowing through blood vessels causes the walls of the blood vessels to thicken and further narrow the lumen.

Symptoms of stage 2 hypertension

Even in mild cases, classic symptoms of arterial hypertension can occur.In the second stage, the following symptoms also appear:

• pulsating sensation in head;
• Hyperemia - overflow of blood vessels, such as redness of the skin;
• Microalbuminuria – the presence of albumin in the urine;
• numbness and coldness in the fingers;
• fundus lesions;
• Hypertensive crisis - a sudden increase in pressure (sometimes up to 59 units at a time);
• The emergence or worsening of signs of target organ damage.

Fatigue, lethargy and swelling occur due to the involvement of the kidneys in pathological processes. High blood pressure attacks may be accompanied by vomiting, difficulty urinating and defecating, shortness of breath, and tearing. Sometimes it lasts for several hours. Complications of hypertensive crisis are myocardial infarction and pulmonary or cerebral edema.Forms of hypertensive crisis:

• Autonomic (increased heart rate, excessive excitement, hand tremors, unmotivated panic, dry mouth);
• Edema (drowsiness, swelling of eyelids, suppressed consciousness);

The symptoms of stage 2 hypertension are more difficult for patients to tolerate. He often suffers from pathological manifestations of hypertension. The disease at this stage barely resolves and often relapses.

Second degree complications of hypertension

Complications of stage 2 hypertension include the following diseases: Aortic aneurysm - pathological protrusion of its wall.Target organs, the internal organs affected by hypertension include:

• Bleeding occurs in various organs because the blood vessel walls become thicker, lose elasticity and become brittle. Increased blood flow can easily damage these blood vessels. As an aneurysm develops, the opposite process occurs. Here, due to increased blood circulation, the walls become stretched and thinned. They are very fragile and tear easily.
• Pathologically narrowed lumens increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis (fatty deposits on tube walls) and thrombosis (blockage with blood clots). Bleeding of brain cells can lead to death from lack of oxygen. This phenomenon is called encephalopathy. Ischemia is a lack of oxygen to the heart. Angina is persistent chest pain.

Pathological processes related to the underlying disease also develop. Accordingly, if treatment is not started in time or medical advice is violated, the number of target organs will increase, making recovery almost impossible.

Hypertension secondary disability

Hypertensive patients are continuously monitored at the pharmacy and undergo regular check-ups. In addition to daily blood pressure measurements, they were also given regular electrocardiograms. In some cases, ultrasound tests—cardiac ultrasound, urine tests, blood tests, and other diagnostic procedures—may be needed. Patients with moderate hypertension are less productive than healthy individuals.If physical function continues to be impaired due to high blood pressure, the patient will be sent to the bureau for examination to obtain a physical and social examination report. In rare cases, people with high blood pressure are tested at home, in the hospital, or even in absentia. From time to time additional exams are planned. For persons with disabilities, experts from the Directorate of Medical and Social Professions develop a mandatory individual rehabilitation plan.To determine the disability category, the expert committee, along with the degree of hypertension, considers the following factors:

• Medical history information regarding hypertensive crisis;
• Patient working conditions.

Procedures for establishing disability groups are necessary for adequate employment. Whether it is easy to find employers willing to put up with "inferior" workers is another question. If an applicant for employment submits documents confirming his disability, then under federal legislation he must be provided with the necessary working conditions.Employers are reluctant to hire people with disabilities because. . . their working hours are reduced while maintaining full wages (Groups 1 and 2). In addition, they are forced to take sick leave more frequently than other employees and their annual leave has been increased. In this regard, most disabled people in the third group hide their condition in order to obtain high-paying positions. Violation of medical instructions regarding working conditions can lead to worsening of the disease over time.Persons with disabilities in Category 3 receive cash benefits and are allowed to engage in professional activities, subject to some restrictions:

• Strong vibration and noise are prohibited;
• No overtime, weekend or night work is allowed without the employee's consent;
• No sustained physical or psycho-emotional stress is allowed;
• It is prohibited to work at high altitudes, in hot workshops, or near dangerous machinery;
• Reduce work hours that require high levels of concentration;
• Seven-hour working day.

A special case is stage 2 malignant arterial hypertension. Because the disease progressed so rapidly and the patient was so ill, the committee classified it as a Level 2 disability. This is no longer a working group. For disability levels 2 and 3, medical and social examinations are performed annually. The following categories of disabled people are exempt from re-examination:

• Men over 60 years old;
• Women over 55 years old;
• People with irreversible anatomical defects.

The division into disability groups is motivated by the need for social protection of hypertensive patients. His ability to engage in work activities is limited.

Treatment of stage 2 hypertension

At this stage of the disease, there is no solution without medication. Take these tablets regularly and, if possible, at the same time of day. Patients should not think that just taking medicine will eliminate their disease. If he does this while also indulging in fatty foods and alcohol, the positive effects of treatment will quickly wear off. The disease will advance to the next stage, where any treatment will no longer be effective.

High blood pressure 3 degrees

Why would doctors be alarmed by even just one deviation from normal in a blood pressure reading? The fact is that when the pressure increases by a few units, the risk of cardiovascular complications increases by the same percentage. For example, if a person has mild hypertension, the blood pressure deviates from normal by 120 to 80 mm Hg. 39 units, the probability of pathological abnormalities in each organ is very high (39%). So what can be said about a level 3 disease with a deviation of at least 60 units?Stage III hypertension is a serious, chronic disease. Blood pressure rises above 180/110 mmHg but never drops to the normal value of 120/80. Pathological changes are irreversible.

Symptoms of stage 3 hypertension

Symptoms of stage 3 hypertension include:

• Impaired motor coordination;
• persistent visual impairment;
• Paresis and paralysis caused by cerebral circulation disorders;
• Prolonged hypertensive crisis with speech impairment, confusion, and severe heart pain;
• The ability to move, communicate and care for oneself independently is severely limited.

In severe cases, people with high blood pressure cannot cope without outside help; they require ongoing attention and care. The above signs of hypertension indicate that the patient's health is gradually deteriorating, the disease is spreading to new organ systems, and complications are increasing.

Complications of grade 3 hypertension

Complications of grade 3 hypertension include the following:

• Myocardial infarction – the muscularis layer of the heart;
• Cardiogenic asthma - choking attacks;
• Peripheral artery injury;
• Hypertensive retinopathy affects the retina of the eye;
• A scotoma ("darkness") is a defect, a blind spot in the field of vision.

Complications of grade 3 arterial hypertension are also known as associated clinical conditions. A stroke occurs when circulation to the brain is compromised, and is accompanied by loss of sensation in the limbs and fainting. Heart failure is a holistic complex of cardiac pathology. The kidneys gradually fail. If hypertension is a secondary disease and occurs in the context of diabetes, then kidney disease is inevitable.The more severe the disease, the more dire and serious its consequences. The circulatory system is so important to the life of the body that the slightest deviation in its function can have powerful and damaging effects.

Hypertension disability level 3

In severe cases, a disability group 1 is established. At this stage, the patient can barely function. Sometimes they are considered partially able to work and continue to work, but only at home or under special conditions.But even with the most severe degree of disability, patients must undergo rehabilitation procedures. In this case, this is necessary to prevent death.

Treatment of stage 3 hypertension

As the disease progresses, doctors may prescribe more and more powerful medications, or the list of medications may remain the same but the dosage may be increased. At this stage of hypertension, medication is of little benefit. People with chronic hypertension are destined to take medication for the rest of their lives.When the disease becomes severe, surgery may be needed. This procedure is suitable for certain blood vessel and heart conditions. The stem cell approach to treating stage III arterial hypertension is considered innovative.

High blood pressure 4 degrees

Some experts have also identified a fourth stage of the disease, which is very severe. In most cases, death is imminent. They try to relieve the suffering of their patients and provide first aid in every hypertensive crisis. The patient lies down and raises his head. He was urgently put on medication to drastically lower his blood pressure.If left untreated, new complications can develop. Some of them irritate others, and the disease increasingly overtakes a person. In order to prevent this destructive process in time, you only need to monitor the dynamic changes in blood pressure, at least with a conventional tonometer.

Example of risk calculation based on stage of hypertension

Stages of hypertension Other risk factors, POM or disease Blood pressure (mmHg)

high normal	Level 1	level 2	Level 3
Garden 130-139 Diastolic blood pressure 85-89	Garden 140-159 Diastolic blood pressure 90-99	Garden 160-179 Diastolic blood pressure 100-109	Systolic blood pressure ≥180 Diastolic blood pressure ≥110
Phase I	No other FR	low risk (Risk 1)	Low risk (risk 1)	medium risk (Risk 2)	high risk (Risk 3)
	1-2 Frontline	low risk (Risk 1)	medium risk (Risk 1)	ease / high risk	high risk (Risk 3)
	≥3FR	short / medium risk (Risk 1)	ease / high risk	high risk (Risk 3)	high risk (Risk 3)
second stage	POM, CKD grade 3 or DM None organ damage	ease / high risk	high risk (Risk 3)	high risk (Risk 3)	High / very high risk
The third phase	Establish CVD, CKD stage ≥4 or diabetes with organ damage	Very high risk (Risk 4)	Very high risk (Risk 4)	Very high risk (Risk 4)	Very high risk (Risk 4)

GB - high blood pressure
SBP - systolic blood pressure
DBP - diastolic blood pressure
Radiofrequency is a risk factorCVD - cardiovascular disease
CKD - chronic kidney disease
DM - diabetes
POM - target organ damageOnce the risk category is determined, doctors can identify factors that may affect risk reduction. Among these modifiable properties:

• Obesity (BMI over 30), and central or visceral obesity, which is determined by waist circumference.
• Social isolation.
• Chronic stress.

Left ventricular hypertrophy, chronic kidney disease, and severe cardiac arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation) may also increase the risk.