hypertension

Hypertension is blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal, usually higher than 140/90 mmHg.

Arterial essential hypertension is another name for it. It accounts for more than 90 percent of arterial hypertension cases. In the remaining cases, secondary arterial hypertension was diagnosed. These include up to 4% of renal, up to 0. 4% of endocrine, hemodynamic and neurological stress caused by ingestion of iatrogenic substances. Pregnant women also have high blood pressure, where elevated blood pressure is one of the symptoms of the underlying disease.

Various dietary supplements and contraceptives have different approaches in iatrogenic hypertension. In general, the occurrence of high blood pressure contributes to more than 25 combinations in the human genetic code.

Causes of high blood pressure

When doctors talk about the causes of high blood pressure, they admit that why it happens is still unclear. Therefore, the disease is also called primary disease or disease of unknown etiology.

Theories that exist in our time trying to explain the occurrence of high blood pressure are inherently untenable and can lead people into desperate situations (when all methods are tried) without explaining anything concretely or scientifically. Patients, to put it mildly, are treated for the sake of treatment. A person is almost constantly forced to resort to medication to relieve a hypertensive state.

In the human body, there is a so-called system that regulates blood pressure. It can also increase for various reasons. In the presence of elevated blood pressure, the walls of blood vessels such as the aortic arch or carotid arteries become very tense. Therefore, the receptors located in it are stimulated. The resulting excitation, through the nerve, reaches the medulla oblongata. There is a vasomotor center. In contrast to the step-up neurons, the activity of the step-down neurons will increase, which will cause the blood vessels to dilate and lead to a decrease in blood pressure. In the case of lower blood pressure, these processes are completely reversed. This explains the normal process of raising and lowering blood pressure in the body. Without a reason, the pressure will not rise. Everything in the body is interconnected.

Causes of high blood pressure include:

1. Obesity and overweight. People with this problem often experience elevated blood pressure, which can lead to high blood pressure. Generally, people with a disordered body metabolism should control it.
2. In 5% of patients, the cause of high blood pressure may be kidney or thyroid disease.
3. If a person is not overweight and slim. He has no problems with his kidneys and thyroid, so the reason for the high blood pressure may be a lack of magnesium in the body
4. 5% of patients can cause high blood pressure: adrenal tumors, pituitary tumors, mercury poisoning, lead poisoning, etc.

In more detail, the main cause of hypertension in most patients is metabolic syndrome. Often, in such patients, the amount of cholesterol in the blood is disturbed. Metabolic syndrome is determined by several reasons: increased waist circumference (more than 80 cm in women and 94 cm in men); an increase in blood triglycerides (so-called fat) of more than 1. 75 mmol/L, or the patient has been treated with medication forCorrect disease; HDL should be less than 1. 3 mmol/L in women and 1. 0 mmol/L in men; systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure greater than 85 mmHg; fasting bloodThe glucose content exceeds 5. 5 mmol per liter. In general, if high blood pressure is combined with being overweight, then you should be checked for metabolic syndrome.

In addition, the causes of high blood pressure are: psychological stress, diabetes, kidney and thyroid diseases, and genetics also play a role.

high blood pressure symptoms

The clinical manifestations of hypertension have no specific symptoms. Patients over the years may not even be able to guess what disease they have. They will feel a high degree of vitality. Although sometimes they are still replaced by dizziness, weakness, and sometimes dizziness. But, as a rule, these people think it's due to overwork. Complaints arise when so-called target organs are affected. These are the organs most sensitive to changes in blood pressure.

A person experiencing headaches and dizziness, noise in the head, decreased ability to work, and memory indicate initial changes in blood supply to the brain. Later, diplopia, flies, weakness, difficulty speaking, numbness in the extremities, but at the initial level, these changes in blood supply are natural.

If the stage of high blood pressure is far away, then it may bring complications in the form of heart attack or stroke. The earliest and most constant sign of hypertension is an increase (hypertrophy) in the left ventricle of the heart muscle. In this regard, the increase in its mass is accompanied by the fact that the walls of the blood vessels thicken. First, the thickness of the wall of the left ventricle thickens, and then dilation of the chamber of the ventricle occurs. The same goes for high blood pressure. In other words, the condition can be called cardiac hypertension or hypertensive heart disease. With this form of hypertension, general morphological changes in the aorta (atherosclerosis) can be added, it can dilate so it can rupture or dissection. Cardiac hypertension is very insidious in this regard.

The hallmark or common symptom of high blood pressure is, of course, a headache. And as the most typical symptom of the disease, it can appear at different times of the day as the disease progresses (patients often complain about night time and the time after waking from sleep). The nature of the headache can be a sudden or heavy feeling in the occipital area and may also include other areas of the head. With high blood pressure, the legs may swell, which also indicates heart failure. Also, they can be a sign of impaired kidney function.

arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension is the most common disease of the entire cardiovascular system. The term "arterial hypertension" refers to maintaining a steadily elevated blood pressure. When arteries and arterioles narrow, blood pressure rises.

Arteries are the main transport route for blood to all tissues in the body. In many people, small arteries are often constricted. Initially due to spasm, subsequently, their lumen narrows almost all the time due to thickening of the vessel wall. Then, in order to make the blood flow across the stenosis, afterburning, the workload of the myocardium increases, and a large amount of blood flows into the vascular bed. These people usually have high blood pressure most often.

This condition is chronic. In about 1 in 10 people with high blood pressure, high blood pressure is caused by damage to a specific organ.

In these cases, we are talking about symptomatic arterial hypertension, or also called secondary hypertension. About 90 percent of patients have an underlying form of high blood pressure, otherwise known as essential hypertension. Patients with arterial hypertension often suffer from headaches.

With arterial hypertension, hypertensive crises are frequent. There are two types of hypertensive crisis:

• The first phase of the crisis (when immediate blood pressure reduction is required) is classified as: hypertrophic encephalopathy, acute left ventricular failure, acute aortic dissection, eclampsia, post coronary artery bypass grafting. In some cases, high blood pressure is observed, which is combined with an increase in the level of circulating catecholamines in the blood.
• In the second stage of the crisis (when conditions require lowering of blood pressure within 12-24 hours): malignant arterial hypertension without any specific complications, hypertensive, characterized by an increase in diastolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg.

Urgent copperization in the presence of hypertensive crisis: convulsive form (hypertensive encephalopathy), pheochromocytoma present crisis, myocardial infarction crisis, stroke, pulmonary edema, aortic aneurysm.

Studies that doctors prescribe for arterial hypertension should include: fundus examination, renal function study, cardiac study. He may also prescribe antihypertensive therapy to the patient, which will help identify complications (hypertension) that can occur during high blood pressure.

degree of high blood pressure

In order to diagnose hypertension correctly, a doctor first needs to determine the degree or stage of the patient's hypertension and, so to speak, make an appropriate entry in his medical record. If a diagnosis of hypertensive disease occurs in a later, second or third stage, the consequences for the body may be more severe than in the first stage of the disease. But, despite this, few patients see a doctor in the early or initial stages of the disease. In general, few people measure their blood pressure at home.

Determined: normal blood pressure, with systolic blood pressure, the index value is less than 130 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, the index value is less than 85 mmHg. High normal, including systolic blood pressure, the index is 130-140 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, the index is 85-90 mm Hg.

• Hypertension 1 degree (mild), systolic blood pressure index 140-160mmHg, diastolic blood pressure index 90-100mmHg;
• Grade 2 hypertension (moderate), systolic blood pressure index is 160-180mmHg, diastolic blood pressure index is 100-110mmHg;
• Hypertension grade 3 (severe) with systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure greater than 110 mm Hg.

stage of high blood pressure

Hypertension Stage 1 - characterized by an increase in blood pressure of up to 160/100 mm, possibly within days or weeks. But under favorable conditions, it usually drops to normal levels.

At this stage, there are usually no symptoms of the disease. May sometimes complain of recurring headaches, sleep problems, mild heart pain.

In the second stage of hypertension, the pressure rises to 180/100 mm. It does not drop to normal levels even when the patient rests. In addition to elevated blood pressure, there may be narrowing of retinal arteries, left ventricular hypertrophy of the heart, protein in urine at analysis, and slightly elevated plasma creatine. Headache, dizziness, sleep disturbance, angina, shortness of breath may occur. At this stage, unfortunate events such as heart attack, stroke, etc. may come. At this stage, it is necessary to take high blood pressure medication.

In the third stage of hypertension, blood pressure rises to 180/110 mm and above. Visceral changes (severe) occur in almost all patients. Shortness of breath, angina, disturbed heart rhythm, headache, dizziness, sleep and hearing disturbances, vision and memory disturbances often occur. Development of kidney and heart failure. Guaranteed for stroke and heart attack. Emergency treatment should be given.

high blood pressure treatment

There are two ways to treat high blood pressure: drug therapy and non-drug therapy.

There are various treatments for hypertension, but treatment should begin with treating the disease whose symptoms are secondary to hypertension and the symptomatic components of hypertension. Nonpharmacological treatments for arterial hypertension include following a salt-restricted diet, good rest and work regimes, managing stressful situations, avoiding alcohol and smoking, and normalizing weight. Only if this approach is inefficient should drug therapy be linked.

The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, i. e. to eliminate the cause of this vascular disease. At the start of treatment, monotherapy and combination therapy are appropriate. When it doesn't work, I use a combination of low-dose antihypertensive drugs. First-line treatment is a prescription drug that improves prognosis.

• beta-blockers. This is an outdated group of drugs that have blood pressure lowering effects by lowering heart rate and blood volume per minute. They improved heart work in his ischemic disease. But the side effect of such drugs is bronchospasm, so in our day and age, most doctors are abandoning this monotherapy approach. And with long-term use, they can lead to the development of diabetes and erectile dysfunction.
• Diuretics. To treat high blood pressure, saluretics, drugs that remove sodium and chloride ions from the body, are also used. But most diuretics cause the excretion of potassium from the body. It's better to combine them.
• Potassium antagonists. Used to prevent brain damage. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate with high blood pressure.

The correct way to treat high blood pressure can only be prescribed by a doctor after a proper examination.

In general, although hypertension cannot be completely cured, it is safe to say that with the collaborative work of the patient and the attending physician, a good therapeutic effect can be achieved. A steady improvement in the state of the vascular system and the work of the heart can be achieved, as well as an improvement in the level of cholesterol in the blood, which will also contribute to a good remission of the patient's condition. Following a doctor's absolute instructions and recommendations will help patients get rid of many of the symptoms this insidious disease can offer.

high blood pressure diet

Proper nutrition is maintaining a healthy diet. It also meets all the body's needs for vitamins, nutrients and minerals, as well as energy.

The work of the entire heart system is closely related to the digestive process. For hypertension, diet is beneficial to the general condition of the patient. A large meal can overfill the stomach, which can displace the diaphragm and make it harder for the heart to work. Too much fluid can also create a large load. Well, if the diet contains a lot of sodium chloride, water can get trapped in the body tissues, which can lead to increased blood pressure and sometimes swelling of the extremities.

dietary principles. Nutrition: Following a diet is considered a prerequisite - while eating regularly, it is best to stick to multiple and divided meals - three to five times a day, which is very important for overweight; dinner is recommended no later than two hours before bedtime -- Eating a large meal before a break can lead to the accumulation of excess weight and obesity, as well as disturbed sleep; the diet should be varied and include products of various (both plant and animal) origins.

Content that needs to be restricted:

• Salt. It is recommended to limit it to a minimum and add only a small amount to cooked dishes. Generally, salt itself can cause fluid retention in the body and lead to the accumulation of excess weight. When dieting, five grams are usually taken daily. For elevated blood pressure, salt is recommended as the "prevention" type, i. e. lower sodium levels. It may also contain minerals essential for health, such as magnesium, iodine, and potassium ions. Products found to be low in sodium are those of plant origin: fish, cottage cheese, meat. Prepared foods such as cheese or sausage contain a lot of salt. Their content is ten times that of natural meat. If the food has no salt or no salt at all, you can improve its taste by adding cranberries, citric acid, parsley, cinnamon, coriander, or dill. Salt restriction is very important in a diet to treat high blood pressure.
• liquid. Reduce your intake to one liter per day, including preserves, soups, milk and tea. The purpose of this restriction is to relieve the work of the heart muscle and the work of the kidneys. You should also limit your intake of substances that stimulate the work of your cardiovascular system. These substances include caffeine and other tonic substances. They can cause heart palpitations, high blood pressure and insomnia. Also be careful with instant coffee as it contains more caffeine than regular coffee. Animal fat intake should be limited to 25 grams per day. Hypertension is closely related to atherosclerosis. Hypertension can lead to the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis, and it can itself occur in its context. To combat this syndrome, you need to reduce the consumption of animal fats rich in saturated fatty acids and replace them with vegetable oils (olive oil, sunflower, cottonseed, etc. ). Patients should avoid foods that contain cholesterol (kidney, liver, fatty meat, egg yolk).
• sugar. The sugar limit should be 40 grams per day. Its excess is involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
• Baked Goods. People with high blood pressure are often overweight. In this case, it is necessary to reduce the calories in the food, so as to limit not only the consumption of sugar, but also the consumption of jams, pasta, white bread, etc. In this case, a very effective remedy is fasting days are the most popular. But again, only on the advice of the doctor observing the patient. You can schedule a fasting day once a week. That is, absolutely no food, only water. This will greatly aid in weight loss. You can also schedule a cheese day: 5 doses of 400g cheese, 2 cups of kefir, 2 cups of unsweetened weak tea. You can also schedule an apple day: five doses of two kilograms of apples.

You should increase your intake of:

• Potassium. Products containing it are very useful in treating high blood pressure. And there should be more of them. Potassium improves the function of the heart muscle and also helps remove excess fluid. Potassium is found in large amounts in vegetables, fruits and berries, and fruit juices. They are also rich in cabbage, potatoes, squash, apricots, plums, raisins, dried apricots, rose hips.
• magnesium. It is necessary to supply the body with magnesium. Like potassium, it is necessary to treat high blood pressure. Magnesium salts have a vasodilatory effect and help prevent vasospasm. This macronutrient is found in bran and rye bread, as well as in oatmeal, wheat, millet, buckwheat, barley nibs, beets, carrots, lettuce, parsley, currants, walnuts, and almonds.
• iodine. Iodine also has a good effect on the metabolism and metabolism of hypertension. Foods containing iodine: fish, seaweed, squid. Limiting salt and providing the body with an adequate supply of products containing magnesium and potassium salts are one of the main features of nutrition for the treatment and prevention of arterial hypertension.

In general, the ratio of diet and treatment should be agreed upon with the doctor who observes the patient, as there may be serious consequences for the body if any prescription is violated.

High blood pressure folk remedies

Folk remedies for high blood pressure are very, very effective. Its effects will become increasingly long-lasting and positive, but only if the patient leads a healthy lifestyle and adheres to a strict diet.

How to treat high blood pressure home remedies?

The traditional Chinese medicine decoction prepared according to folk remedies and the infusion for the treatment of hypertension are recommended by doctors for long-term use. You can take five to ten days off every two to three months. The ingredients of these charges and decoctions include special plants that lower blood pressure. They also have sedative, sedative, diuretic and antispasmodic properties. These collections contain a variety of certain compounds that are beneficial to our bodies. They are called bioactive compounds. They include: macro and trace elements, vitamins, phytoncides, organic acids and other substances.

Examples of folk recipes for high blood pressure:

1. Peeled onions - three kilograms, nectar - half a kilogram, vodka - half a liter, partitioned walnuts - about thirty. The preparation involves juicing the onion, mixing it with honey, and adding a nut partition to that mixture. All of this is poured into vodka and steeped for about ten days. After that, this infusion can be taken three times a day, one tablespoon.
2. One lemon, two cups of beetroot juice, one and a half cups of cranberry juice, one cup of vodka, 250 grams of nectar. Mix all of this and take one tablespoon twice a day on an empty stomach.
3. Take half a cup of honey and chopped beets. Mix everything up and take one tablespoon before meals, three times a day for three months.

In addition, bee venom has good diuretic properties that block vasospasm and dilate blood vessels. This action causes blood pressure to drop. Therefore, stinging the limbs with bees twice a week is also recommended.

Traditional medicine gives advice on the use of royal jelly and propolis. They are great powerful antioxidants and also reduce fatigue, help cleanse the body and increase resistance to nerve and physical stress.

In the treatment of high blood pressure, the fruit of chokeberry is also prescribed. They can be cooked in the form of jellies, preserves, juice drinks, syrups and even jams. The juice of these fruits is very therapeutic and is taken three times a day half an hour before meals.